Before the formation of the RSC the theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon was known as the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre. From 1879-1885 the short annual festivals were presented by touring companies. From 1886-1918 the festival was always presented by the Benson Company led by the actor-manager Frank Benson. From 1919 the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre's annual programme developed to a longer season. The directors were:

1919-1934: William Bridges Adams
1934-1942: Ben Iden-Payne
1943: Milton Rosmer
1944-1946: Robert Atkins
1946-48: Sir Barry Jackson (Artistic Director)
1948-52: Anthony Quayle
1952-57: Anthony Quayle and Glen Byam Shaw (Joint Directors)
1957-59: Glen Byam Shaw (Festival Director)