'Quarto' and 'Folio' are designations of the size of a printed book. To create a 'Folio' in the age of hand-made paper each sheet of paper was printed with two pages on each side, and then folded in half once to create a 'folio' sized 'gathering'. When a sheet was printed with four pages on each side, and then folden in half once and then in half again, it created a 'quarto' sized 'gathering' of eight pages. Elizabethan 'quarto' books and pamphlets are thus approximately 16 x 12 cm. in size, made up from twice folded sheets. Eighteen of Shakespeare's plays first appeared in this format and are known collectively as the 'Quarto' editions. 'Folios' were larger, more expensive volumes, about 30 x 22 cm. in size, made up of sheets folded once. The Shakespeare 'First Folio' is the first publication of the collected plays. It was published in 1623, with a reprint, known as the 'Second Folio', in 1632.